D.I.I.verse Podcast: Will it make the boat go faster?
Join Adam Vasco & Julian Gwinnett as they explore a range of topics under the umbrella of Diversity, Inclusion & Intersectionality through interviews with special guests. D.I.I.verse is a centre of excellence for Diversity, Inclusion & Intersectional approaches brought to you by The University of Wolverhampton. D.I.I.verse aims to lead a strategic vision for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in the region and nationally. Through a team of academics, practitioners, and activists we aim to support colleagues in working towards a more equitable society. The podcast explores some of the themes, challenges and approaches in achieving these goals.
D.I.I.verse Podcast: Will it make the boat go faster?
South Asian History Month: Faith and Community in Wolverhampton with Imam Mohammed Asad and Shyam Singh
South Asian History Month...
Ever wondered how South Asian faith communities have thrived in Wolverhampton? Join us for a heartfelt conversation with Imam Mohammed Asad MBE and Shyam Singh, the university's Muslim and Sikh chaplains, respectively. Imam Asad takes us through his parents' migration journey from Pakistan in the 1960s, their hard work in factories, and the vibrant community they helped build. Meanwhile, Shyam Singh shares his story from Delhi to Wolverhampton and his invaluable service in various Gurdwaras, including at New Cross and Birmingham Children's Hospital. They both offer rich, personal insights into the historical migration and the growth of South Asian communities in the region.
Tune in as we explore the initial challenges faced by these communities, from language barriers to the lack of places of worship, and how collective efforts turned these obstacles into opportunities for building strong, supportive networks. The episode also delves into the role of faith in these journeys. We hear about Imam Asad's experiences, from memorising the Quran as a child to offering vital support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shyam Singh enlightens us on the Sikh practice of providing free langar, emphasising equality and service. These narratives illustrate how faith inspires selfless service, fostering a sense of belonging and the creation of vibrant communities.
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We are recording this podcast at the home of Wolverhampton University's Multimedia Journalism degree in the Alan Turing building on City Campus. The radio studio we are sitting in is kitted out to the same standards as places like BBC Radio 4 and 5 Live. It was installed alongside two studios as part of the new Wolverhampton Screen School. If you want to pop in for a guided tour, to discuss booking the studios or to chat about the journalism undergraduate degree, just email the course leader, gareth Owen.
Speaker 2:His address is gowen3 at wlvacuk hello and welcome everyone to a special edition of the diverse sub podcast in celebration of south asian heritage, where today we're going to be talking about the impact of different faith communities of South Asian heritage in Wolverhampton. To discuss this, I'm delighted to be joined in the studio by Iman Mohammed Asad MBE, who is the university's Muslim chaplain, and Shyam Singh, who is the university's Sikh chaplain. Now, before we delve deep into today's's conversation, I'm going to give you both an opportunity to introduce yourselves and talk a little bit about your experience, your life journey.
Speaker 3:Hi there, thank you so much for that. My name is Imam Mohamed Asad. I was born here in this country, but my parents, they come from the South Asian part of the world, so they came here a very long time ago. And why West Midlands? Well, of course, as we remind ourselves now, india and Pakistan used to be all the same thing before the partition. So my parents grew up before the partition. Then, as we learn in history all what has happened, and then we had Pakistan. So then they came over from Pakistan to the West Midlands and back in those days, if we take ourselves back into history, it was a time where there was hardly anybody here and after the world war ii, when labor was very much needed, so it was a working class, and after the war lots of people were invited to come over to work in the foundries, in the foundries, in the factories and various places.
Speaker 3:So my father came over in the 60s and in West Midlands or wherever we see up and down the country, wherever there were these opportunities of working in factories, foundries or other places, people would come over and then they would invite other people to come over as well. So if somebody had already been there, they would invite other people to come over as well. So if somebody had already been there, they would be able to tell others that, yes, you know, we found a job, there's many other opportunities here to work and we can strive for a brighter future. So it was just a way of communicating to the families back home that, yes, you know you very much need it over here. So that's why we see that here in the west midlands, and particularly in the black country. Black country was a place which was very much needed, where the labor was very much needed. So that's how families grew and communities grew in the west midlands.
Speaker 4:Families grew and communities grew in the West Midlands. Hello, good morning. My name is Gyanisham Singh, so I am telling about my journey from Delhi to Wolverhampton. I was a priest, Sikh Gyanigthi, in Delhi when a Sikh businessman, Surjit Singh Pareesar, visited my Gurdwara with an old handwritten version of the holy Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Maharaj. Not every priest can read that and I was asked if I could read it for them. I agreed to because I had learned how to do so from my uncle, Saint Ranjot Singh Kalka, Chandigarh, who was a very religious intellect. I was 25 at the time. I was reading from those handwritten scriptures. The handwritten copy was eventually taken by Sardar Surjeet Singh Panesar to England where I joined him after his family sponsored me and applied for my visa. I was interviewed before being granted six-month visa and traveled to England where I lived with Mr Surjeet Singh Ji Panesar and his family and I completely read Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji twice at their home.
Speaker 4:I returned to India but again was asked to go to England and was appointed head priest at the Lee Road, Penfield Gurdwara, staying for six months before traveling home again. The Penfield congregation wanted me back and sponsored me for a one-year employment visa and I had a wonderful time preaching in Panfields. When I arrived in Wolverhampton with my family, I continued as a priest in Ramkariya board in the city center of Wolverhampton, situated near the University Wolverhampton University, which is now situated on the New Birmingham Road, Along with working part-time and the Sikh chaplain at New Cross. Initially I was voluntarily three years and after that paid 2013-14. And also Sikh Chaplain Children's Hospital Birmingham, where I served five years. So this is my journey and I am providing spiritual, religious and pastoral support to patients, staff and visitors, and alongside my working, I studied here as well.
Speaker 2:See both the communities you both represent, what challenges were faced by people of South Asian heritage in actually establishing themselves and forming communities.
Speaker 3:If you look at the challenges over the years, there's been many challenges and at different times in history we find different challenges. When our forefathers came over to this country, there was the language barrier. There was a place, you know, difficulty in finding places of worship and many of the challenges. Now, nowadays, you know, after so many decades, we find different types of challenges. But you know, to find a place where they could go for their daily prayers or they could go for Eid prayers or if somebody was to pass away for funeral prayers. These were big challenges and they overcome those challenges. But you know, with life you always see that. You know there's every day you find a different challenge and you try to overcome that. That is just part and parcel of life.
Speaker 3:But the sacrifices that they made back in those days, you know, selling up plots of land, houses and whatnot, just to strive for a better future, houses and whatnot, just to strive for a better future.
Speaker 3:And at that time he was thinking that, okay, we're just going to go abroad for a few months, for a few years and some money and come back and, you know, have a better life back home.
Speaker 3:But things didn't work out like that for many that he went the other way, that when people started working and they were committed to the work and saw the demand and need for work, then eventually they called over their families and so when the families came, there were a different set of challenges, you know, providing for the families a much bigger house, because back in those days it was many people living in one house and there weren't any places of worship. But slowly, slowly they put some money together and, you know, got a room or a community centre, hired something out and started their prayers. But when the families came, then the children came. So there was a need for children education, religious education for the children as well. So demands and challenges have always been there and I don't think we'll ever overcome the entirety of our challenges, but it's always a new day, a new challenge, a new battle and trying to overcome that. So there have been many challenges and the journey continues.
Speaker 4:Yes, I have that challenge which I faced during my journey the language barrier. And also I had already the educational background in Punjabi and Gurmukhi and reading scripture and knowledge, but I didn't explain myself in English. So after coming to this country I started my English classes at Adult College Wolverhampton and slowly, slowly, I improved my language level 1, level 2 and gcse.
Speaker 2:So this is the main, main thing or the problem in my journey and I am still improving this language so just to pick up on what you were saying actually a little bit earlier, mohamed, about how, initially, people of South Asian heritage initially came here, I guess sort of like, you know, just literally temporary, to sort of like literally come here to sort of like create a better life with the intention of eventually going back. But that changed and I'm interested in how that changed. Um, in other words, um, what? What changes led to people making, to the decision to actually to stay here, to establish homes, to establish communities? And when does this, this new, this new place, this, what place? What must have seemed like quite a very different world to the world that people knew begin to feel like their home, to begin to feel like somewhere where they belong?
Speaker 3:It's really interesting and just painting a very general picture of what happened when people came over from that part of the world. See, when it comes for a Muslim, you know praying they could do individual prayers as well. There were many people that brought their faith over as well. So faith was one of the challenges because, of course, there weren't any mosques over here, there weren't any places of worship over here, there weren't any imams over here back in those days. So, when the communities came over, prayers that they could do individually as well, when it came to great festivals of Eid or somebody passing away, and then these prayers, especially the Friday prayers, these are done in congregation. So, even though people came over just for a temporary period of time, but when they saw themselves here probably staying for a bit longer than they had envisaged, then they started thinking about calling the faith leaders over as well, like an imam or somebody who could lead them in their prayers. So when that started happening, it started opening the minds, the hearts, the opportunities, and you know people thinking that, yes, probably we can stay for a bit longer. And when they saw the jobs, and you know how committed they were to earn the money and earning money is something that we need to do for the rest of our lives, and there was always a need to send that money back home. But when they saw and struggled, it wasn't an easy journey at all. But you can imagine coming to a new place not knowing the language and there would have been a handful of people that knew English. So these kind of things were reasons why people stuck together. So if they came to a place whether it's Wilhelmsham or Black Country or wherever and they knew that there's an interpreter there, there's somebody who knows English, knows the law and can help, this would attract other people to come into the same place and when living, they would live in a house together. There would be quite a few people, single people, in a house, and they would work together, cook together, help out each other. So the imams were called over. It might have been somebody's front room or somebody's back garden or a hall or a place or whatever where they would congregate and pray together, and so it was a bit of both things.
Speaker 3:There were struggles, but they were slowly, slowly overcoming those struggles and then people started thinking that, yeah, we're here for a bit longer than we had thought. Let's call the families over, and then the kids, and then the demand and need for having a bigger place of worship. So these places mosques, you know originally started from houses or just a room in a community centre. Then, later on, purpose-built mosques were built. There was London Central Mosque and Birmingham Central Mosque. These are one of the two purpose-built mosques built in the 1960s.
Speaker 3:And so when facilities and doors and opportunities started opening up, the message of course goes far and wide and that encouraged more people to come over. Yes, you know especially the faith communities as well, that yes, we can go abroad and we can practice our faith as well. There's facilities, there's people there, imams there, who will be able to teach us and guide us in our faith, and not only us, but our families and our children as well. So these kind of things really attracted these were one of the things, especially those people who were strong in their faith, were practicing and were hesitant in going away from their home country, thinking that, oh no, we might need to leave our religion behind. But knowing that these things exist over there was a great big attraction itself.
Speaker 4:When people came from India the challenges were the worship places and only one Gurdwara in Wolverhampton, the Canuck Road, and people go to the Samadhi for the worshipping at the weekends and slowly, slowly, congregation increased and built other Gurdwaras, now 12 or 13 Gurdwaras in Wolverhampton and worshipping daily basis and weekly congregation get together there, meet them and also opened Punjabi classes in the gurdwaras and especially Saudi state, beginning to A-levels education available for the youngsters and now it is better than the before. So it increased the knowledge of the scriptures, how to read. If they know the language, punjabi, how to speak and they can learn how to read the scripture.
Speaker 3:I think language is another plus thing that the faith leaders brought over with them, because if you don't know the language you cannot go deep into the religion itself.
Speaker 3:So with the religious guidance, that urdu language, arabic language, has been key and you know teachers and faith leaders that had originally came over back in those days.
Speaker 3:They were teaching those languages and nowadays you know those challenges have kind of gone, that you know calling somebody over from abroad, because we have so many young scholars born here in this country that know the languages, whether it's Urdu, punjabi, arabic, because a wealth of knowledge exists in these books, in scriptures, from the South Asian heritage as well.
Speaker 3:So for Muslims, originally everything was in Arabic, and then from Arabic it was translated into Persian and Urdu and then English came right to the end over here because there was a need of it to be translated into English. So nowadays, when we have the young scholars, they are fluent in these languages and so they are able to address the congregations in English as well. So, yeah, I think the language was a key thing which is flowing on into the younger generation. So we have the classes, the supplementary classes after school, where children will go to the mosques in the evening, and they will learn Arabic, and they will learn Urdu and other languages as well, whereas they learn how to read the Quran and they also learn about the Islamic knowledge as well through these different languages. So, yes, that's been key.
Speaker 2:So faith, being able to practice your own faith, is a really essential part of actually your sense of belonging, um. But beyond that even, it's like how have, um I have the different faith communities of south asian heritage established and embedded themselves within the wider Wolverhampton community?
Speaker 3:So practising faith. You know we are very fortunate that, despite the challenges that one would have faced in practising their religion, we are still able to practise it freely. The challenges, such as having a beard, having a headgear, wearing the traditional clothes Over the years it has been a battle. You stuck out like a sore thumb, people would call you all sorts of names and you've gone through all that, but you stick to your identity and you get recognized for it. Uh, there have been challenges, even very recently, very recently in covid, where we had been, uh told in the hospital.
Speaker 3:So, yes, I work as a chaplain in multiple places, many different places. Some of the places are the hospitals I work as well. So during covid, uh, there was a request from the hospitals because of health and safety that you need to shave your beard in order to be able to wear the mask Later on. Other hoods and other gear was introduced at a later stage, but initially that was a challenge and I know many doctors had to come in and staff had to come in after shaving their beard just for their own safety, health and safety. But as a Muslim chaplain, that we cannot. You know it's difficult to see a Muslim leader and I'm sure it would be a muslim leader and I'm sure it would be uh, similar for my colleague here, uh, from the sikh faith that having the beard is a great identity of faith, and so it. That was a recent challenge and like that, you know, growing up in the country, you know many comments, you would have heard many racist comments and uh, but it kept you going because you know the importance of what faith is in your life.
Speaker 3:Now, one of the ways that we can overcome, and have overcome this and do continue to, especially people from the South Asian heritage, that we have many similarities, asian heritage, that we have many similarities, like, if you could see me and my colleague, the way we are dressed. We are dressed in our traditional clothes, in our salwar, kameez, pyjama, kurta, and these things come from South Asia and we have stuck to it. We have headgear, we cover our head, so that is our identity. We are from completely different religions but yet have so much in common and when it comes to the beard as well, and similarly, whether it's the Hindu community or even Christian community from India, pakistan, bangladesh, we still have so much in common. For example, we were just celebrating not too long ago, at the time of Christmas, here in Wolverhampton and in the Black Country, we were celebrating our similarities in Christmas, at Christmas time, that how Christians from Pakistan, india, celebrate Christmas, and what we have in common. So, despite our differences or differences in religion, we still have so much in common coming from that part of the world, and that unites us, that keeps us together.
Speaker 3:We are able to celebrate these uh events, festivals, uh.
Speaker 3:We had the muslims recently had an eid event and in the Eid event again we have these are means and excuses for everybody to unite.
Speaker 3:So we had people from the Sikh community, from the Hindu community, from the Christian community, everybody coming together, from the Buddhist community, from the Jewish community, that we still can celebrate so much similarities. And what makes us really happy, and especially on this occasion where we're celebrating the South Asian Heritage Month and Day, is that we bring those memories alive of the country, the countries that we came from, our forefathers came from. We could be born here, but when we look back and celebrate the sacrifices that our parents and forefathers made to come here, they are nowhere near the sacrifices that we're making, but we still have our own challenges and own battles that we are trying to address. So there's a lot of joy and happiness in that when we unite, when you come together, and this is I think it's an awesome. It's a wonderful occasion that you know the university is going to celebrate this South Asian Heritage event this month, which I'm really looking forward to, and I think that will bring us even more closer and highlight all the similarities that we have.
Speaker 4:We still celebrate Vaisakhi at both sides, all sides hospitals Mander Hospital, walsall, new Cross Hospital, wolverhampton and Children's Hospital in Birmingham, all the faith communities together. We are a multi-faith chaplaincy team and involve all the chaplaincy team in Vaisakhi and invite everyone, all the staff, and it was a very beautiful celebration. Local Gurdwaras provided langar for all of the visitors and staff and 1,000 people were fed at Menor Hospital and same amount of people visited in celebration New Cross Hospital and other sites and as well, we celebrate Diwali and Vaisakhi here in. University.
Speaker 2:Just to change direction a little bit. Actually, you've taught both of you really eloquently about the impact of your different faith communities. I'd just like to ask you about your own personal journeys within faith. So how important is your faith in helping you to understand the world around you and also your place in your relationship with, with, with each other and and further to that, um, every, everybody's, every individual person's journey through faith is a personal journey. So, more broadly, how does, how does your faith inspire you?
Speaker 3:yeah, so from a childhood. I was born here in the west midlands, uh went to primary school. My primary school was a church of england school and then I went to secondary school but then I went away to uh train and to be educated as an imam, as a minister of religion. I memorized the Quran of my heart in my childhood as well. So I've seen faith very closely from the community, from home, and then a different side of a different faith in school as well. So Church of England it was a very practicing school when it came to faith and so saw inside and outside and I was really inspired by faith and it kind of led me to wanting to become a minister of religion.
Speaker 3:And when I look back, you know the journey has been just so amazing and so wonderful. I do not have a single bit of regret. Rather than regret, I celebrate it and I share it with everyone and I'm really proud that I learned about my faith, but not only my faith. I am able to work with people of many other faiths, and none as well, because my faith teaches me to get closer to my creator. The more closer that I get to my creator, I learn about love, tolerance, peace, and you know respect and trust, and so we are all children of Adam. I could give you many, many examples, but you know one of the examples and I think this will suffice and give you a very good idea that you know how I've been inspired by faith and I cling on to it, that I am in need of my faith. My faith doesn't need me, but I am in need of it day and night to keep me going, to keep me motivated.
Speaker 3:So, a very recent example COVID happened, and when COVID happened, I was working in the hospitals. I was inside the hospital and when COVID was announced, lockdown was announced. I saw how terrified people were, the uncertainty what's going to happen next, but my faith kicked in, and my faith reminded me that, no, I need to stand here, not run away from anywhere, and help humanity. So, as one of my, so as one of my managers once said that when everybody was running away from hospitals, mohammed was running towards the hospitals and, in short, I led on many different projects helping the staff, helping people who are passing away, helping family members who couldn't see their loved ones. So, for example, like you know, being in the hospitals with a tablet and letting their loved ones at home, see their loved one pass away in the hospital peacefully, with listening to prayers.
Speaker 3:So there's many, many different things that I was able to do, but, in short, I was uh, uh, honored with an mBE just before the Queen passed away, on the occasion of the Jubilee, so that itself was a great honour for myself and it, you know, really gelled the thought and the inspiration that I had that my faith teaches me and everything and keeps me going, because one of the things it struck to me at that time that this is humanity, these are children of adam, we are all brothers and sisters. I cannot desert them, I cannot leave them, regardless of what religion, what background, where they're from, we're all the same. We're all from the same place going to the same place. I need to be there helping everybody and anybody, and we were praying and there were many other things that we were able to set up, whether it was a ppe project, whether it was just having the prayer cubes, uh, put by the patients, uh, so the loved ones know that. You know the loved one is passing away whilst listening to these prayers.
Speaker 3:So there's multiple things, and all these things stemmed from the faith. Had I not had the faith or the teachings of the faith or the education of the faith, I don't know where I would have been. I probably would have been hiding somewhere as well. I would not have been able to stand there at the front and put myself into a lot of risk. There was multiple risks, you know going in and out of hospitals, but it is, you know. That is just one example. But you know in life that you know going in and out of hospitals, but it is. You know that is just one example. But you know in life that you know, whenever there's a hard time, that as a faith leader or an imam, you'd be out there leading the way for everybody. And you know it's the faith that keeps you motivated, inspired and moving.
Speaker 4:And all Gurdwaras provide free langar for everyone around the world and here as we are practicing, and University of Wolverhampton here we arrange langar on campus and other universities as well, so that the other people or other students can see the practicing which we do in Gurdwara every day. So Gurbani scripture Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji says you are our Lord. And Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji says Tu Thakur Tum Pai Ardaas. Ji O Pint Sav Teri Raas. You are our Lord and Master. To you I offer the prayer Ji O Pint Sav Teri Raas, this body and soul, all your property. Tum Maat Pita Hum Barg Tere. You are our mother and father. We are your children. For our mother and father. We are your children, as told, Adam's children. We are all of you.
Speaker 4:But Gurdwara says only one almighty God is our father and we are all his children.
Speaker 4:So why we discriminate anybody?
Speaker 4:So the main practicing in Gurdwaras and around the world, Sikh tries to get together all humanity, and this practice we did during the COVID.
Speaker 4:All Gurdwaras made langar. This practice we did during the COVID. All Gurdwaras made langar and distributed whoever come to or requested, and even they dropped a meal at the door to door where they are needed, and Gurdwara and especially New Cross Hospital. Sometimes the Gurdwaras provided free langar to staff and we had problem of the PPE, as told my colleague, and we generated prayer devices contributed by the local community, patients and staff and where there is a problem to physical contact to Patients will be provided free of cost the prayer devices and also I prayed on FaceTime whenever there come the end of life situations, I mean despite all of this, and despite all the efforts of faith communities to really reach out and work with the communities and sort of foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance, work with the communities and sort of foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance, we do, unfortunately, living in a world in which hate crime, and particularly hate crime against different religious communities is is on the rise.
Speaker 2:So, um, what do you feel is behind this, what is motivating this and, and what I mean, if anything, we as, whether we're as individuals, as communities, as a society or even, you know, our governments do to sort of like combat this and address this issue.
Speaker 4:I think it is the lack of awareness of the other religions that raise the hate of crime. Guru Granth Sahib Ji says. He says Do not say that the Vedas, the Bible and the Quran are false. Those who do not contemplate them are false. Those who do not contemplate them are false. So I think all religions teach us love, compassion and integrity. So lack of knowledge about the other religion is cause of the hate of crime. In Guru Granth Sahib Ji Maharaj, the holy scriptures contain other religions' knowledge as well, about the Islam, hindus and Jogis. So that's why in Ved, ved are the four holy scriptures in Hindu religion, and Kataib means all books, muslim religious books and also Christian scriptures, scripture.
Speaker 2:so it it says we have to read them and and get knowledge about the other religion as well you mentioned quite eloquently there about the, the connection between different faiths and the way that different faith groups work together to positively sort of enhance our understanding and indeed the world we live in, that we share together, the space that we live in. What role do you feel that interfaith groups play in helping to promote intercultural dialogue and solidarity between different faiths?
Speaker 4:In the interfaith.
Speaker 2:We arrange trips at Gurdwaras and other worship places here mosques, churches and Buddha's temple and educate people what we practice practising and I suppose, going back to the issue we were discussing just earlier about Hakeim, do you feel that we're too focused, maybe as individuals, as a society, on what divides us rather than what we have in common and what experiences we have together? And, if so, what role can faith play in helping us to unite, to understand value and respect each other more?
Speaker 4:So first, we are a human being rather than Hindu, sikh, muslim or any other. So Guru Granth Sahib Ji Bani says we are all children of one Almighty God. If this message conveys all the world, and Guru Nanak is teaching three golden rules, meditate upon one Almighty God who is our father and mother, and also do hard work, earnings and share amongst all people who are needed. These things come together us, so sharing is very, most important. That's why we're practicing langar everywhere, inside Gurdwaras and outside in the world.
Speaker 2:And finally, as regularly listeners to the Diversa podcast will know, we always finish by trying to think about the world beyond the world we're living in now, to imagine what the future might look like, what the world of tomorrow might be, and how we as individuals, as communities, can actually help to create and build that world now. As a university, we recently were published our 2035 strategy for moving forwards. As an institution, in which inclusivity and diversity are central to this vision of us progressing and moving forwards, what would you like to see happen within Wolverhampton and beyond your ideal version of the future?
Speaker 4:and beyond your ideal version of the future. It should be better. We should be positive, because we try our best to spread the message of Guru Granth Sahib Ji love compassion and live together, work together and share together. So if we be following the scriptures guidelines, and then it must be a better future that's.
Speaker 2:Thank you so much. That's a beautiful point to end on. And thank you so much, and also to muham Mohammed for being my wonderful guest today in this inspiring, thought-provoking and, I can say from my own heart, life-affirming conversation, and I hope that everybody listening to this has enjoyed this as much as I have. And just to remind everybody that there are many, many more podcasts available on the Diverse Hub podcast and we will continue to record episodes in the future. So please look out for all future episodes on whatever podcast channel, whatever service you use to actually access podcasts, just search for Diverse Hub and you will find us there. And one final thank you to both yourself and muhammad for being, you know, such wonderful guests. Thank you very much.
Speaker 4:Thank you so much, you and all the audience. You gave me the opportunity to share my views and guru's message. Thank you very much. Thank you Bye.