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Talking Texas History
Talking Texas History
Hurricanes and Texas History, Part II
How have hurricanes shaped the history, culture, and political landscape of Texas? Join us as we continue the discussion on the profound effects these powerful storms have had on the Lone Star State.
This podcast is not sponsored by and does not reflect the views of the institutions that employ us. It is solely our thoughts and ideas, based upon our professional training and study of the past.
Speaker 2:Welcome to Talking Texas History, the podcast that explores Texas history before and beyond the Alamo. Not only will we talk Texas history, we'll visit with folks who teach it, write it, support it, and with some who've made it and, of course, all of us who live it and love it. This is Talking Texas History. Welcome to another edition of Talking Texas History. I'm Gene Foyce.
Speaker 1:And I'm Scott Sosby, gene. Last week we did not. Last week we don't do these every week. Nobody could stand to listen to us every week. Last cast we did. We talked about hurricanes in a general sense in Texas and it spawned on us. Hey, we should do another one. So what we decided to do today is let's talk about just historic Texas hurricanes.
Speaker 2:Well, you know, we talked a lot last time about, in general, hurricanes and the damage they cause. And why is it that historians don't look at weather very often and they don't look at natural events or in some cases it seems like an unnatural event and talk about the effects of the environment on history, history, and there have been some, there have been some environmental historians that have done that, especially talking about the West and droughts and things like that. But hurricanes, my gosh, you think about the damage and destruction and I'm very partial to that because, living here in Houston, we get them and it seems like we're getting them more and more.
Speaker 1:That's true. I mean Houston is something I mean you have to start thinking about it. I mean it is the largest city in the United States that sits in the direct paths of hurricanes.
Speaker 2:Don Walker, our old mentor. Old Don, yes, you know he used to talk about towns in Texas. You know he used to talk about towns in Texas and I think, you know, I think DW Mining or maybe it was another book on Texas cities and environment and whatnot, like Texas culture cities dallas, san antonio, houston, el paso walker would often emphasize that they should not be where they are no, there, I mean, there are a lot of them for reasons for putting.
Speaker 1:I mean you put, basically, you establish houston in a malarial swamp. It remains, you know, uh, uh, dallas is the. Dallas is the largest American city, not on a navigable, uh, stream of water, right, uh, it has. Of course, when you say that has no reason to exist and established it didn't, but of course a lot of reasons why people were on establishing cities on water because of transportation. Well, dallas is right, where major railroads intersected and eventually major interstate. So I always thought transportation Well, dallas is right, where major railroads intersected and eventually major interstates. So I always thought that's transportation, right, yeah, that's transportation, it's the same thing. So to say, dallas has no reason to exist. You're not going well, you're kind of forgetting the later history of things established.
Speaker 1:But that is a point in the things that are happening and a lot of the population of the United States lies right along the coastline and coastlines, particularly on the Gulf of Mexico, get stormed and they have been historic, they have changed Texas history, if you think about even some of the storms we talk about today. It essentially wiped out three major Texas port cities in the 19th century in Indianola, velasco and Quintana, because of hurricanes that are essentially wiped out. It changed the fortunes, the great hurricanes, of course of 1900 changed the fortunes of Galveston. It's utterly amazing that we somewhat ignore these hurricanes when we're talking about the grander narrative of history. We somewhat ignore these hurricanes when we're talking about the grander narrative of history. So let's just see if we can't stop that today, gene. Let's talk about some hurricanes that have been historic in history. And I'll start because this is one I don't think a lot of people talk about. You know, we get used to talking about hurricanes by their names, because they were named first for females and then we changed it in the 1980s to also include males, uh, but we didn't start doing naming storms and, uh, hurricanes, tropical systems, after human names until 1950 and so and I and maybe that's one reason why some of these earlier storms get short shrift, but also because there's not that many people but this was a storm that happened in October, basically second through sixth, four days, 1837.
Speaker 1:Texas is a brand-new republic. It gets the nickname of Racer Storm because it was named after the British sloop that first saw the storm and documented the storm. Remember, forecasting was not very precise then, but this storm is not mentioned much in Texas history, probably because the sparse population and the time period. But it really was a spectacular storm. In 1837 it first comes and hits land near present-day brownsville and then essentially moves up the curved gulf coast right along the coastlines uh of texas. For three days it raged kind of offshore somewhat as it moved up and did incredible, incredible damage. Every single ship at Velasco was tossed ashore.
Speaker 1:Velasco begins its slow decline and eventually a hurricane in 1874 is going to wipe it out, but begins this decline because of that storm. Galveston then just a nascent community, barely had been established was wholly inundated, I mean completely covered up where there was no island left with water. The new Tremont Hotel that was just built a few months earlier was blown down and completely leveled and they had to build it all over again. If you've ever stayed in Galveston, that's from my recommended. I enjoy staying at the Tremont all the time. Hardly any structure in the little city was left. The storm finally entered land in Louisiana and it remained a tropical system. It remained a hurricane until it got over Tennessee and it's a tropical system until it exits to the Atlantic near Hilton Head, south Carolina. A spectacular storm. We don't talk about very much Gene.
Speaker 2:Well, you know and you're right. I mean, think about where that storm tracked from. And certainly it hit places like the Yucatan and places where hurricanes hit frequently, places where hurricanes hit frequently, but along the texas gulf coast it made that entire arc right all the way to louisiana before it really starts moving inland and um golly the damage, as you were saying. You know and you know.
Speaker 2:I mean, most of the buildings weren't built for that. Sure, you know they're wooden structures and it just, you know, think about the damage. Think about, you know, the plants, the animals that that displaced and how much water it dumped. Like you said, the island of Galveston was inundated Tremendous, tremendous effect all throughout it. And we don't know right, because if you're reading books, you're reading books in texas in the 1840s, a, you know, 1830s, even most of the 1837. You know you're still reading stuff about the texas, uh, early republic, and not enough and not enough books are focused on that period.
Speaker 1:Anyway, not at all but talk about.
Speaker 2:I wonder what that storm did to the early texas government and you know the texas government was in houston.
Speaker 1:Uh, yeah, then it had to affect it. But you know, maybe the fact that it wasn't a very good government anyway didn't affect as much as it was, since I mean, like we're talking about a nation that essentially didn't have a postal service, so there wasn't much to affect. But can you imagine if a storm did that same path today, a powerful storm did that arc today, what kind of damage it would be?
Speaker 2:Well, let me throw out a question here, and I don't know the answer to this, but you know, the government went back and forth between Houston and Lamar. Lamar wants to move the capital inland, deep inland, to Austin right, and Houston wants it to remain in Houston. I wonder how much Storms had to do with that debate. We don't know.
Speaker 1:Yeah, I don't, because I'm not real privy to them. There's got to be some communication about it, of course. You know. I mean mean a lot of it was ego also. Lamar didn't want to, didn't want to be in a city named after houston and houston didn't want to leave the city named after him. So yeah, we don't know anything about ego and politics.
Speaker 2:That hasn't happened, that's right. Yeah, well, let me talk about a hurricane. I'm gonna, I'm gonna, I'm gonna actually talk about a hurricane. I'm going to actually talk about a hurricane that wasn't a hurricane. Now, we talked about this last time, but just I looked it up. What does a hurricane make? It is essentially a rotating low-pressure system. Now, what does that mean? I don't know. I once read a meteor. I was interested in meteorology for a while I mean never, I was.
Speaker 1:I did. I took meteorology class, did you really? Yeah, that was actually my sciences for meteorology.
Speaker 2:So you know, maybe that substitutes, but it's a low-pressure system and I was heard once that it's like the atmosphere is rivers of air and you get, if you look at a river, you get these swirling areas from time to time. And it's the same principle as I was instructed. I don't know, people may disagree with me, but it's these low pressure systems rotating, so, unlike a storm system that normally comes with a front, hurricanes don't have that. And if the wind is less than 40 miles an hour, if it is less than 40 miles an hour, it's a tropical depression. If it's more than 39 miles per hour, it's a tropical storm. Once it gets to 74 miles per hour it becomes a hurricane. And you know it varies.
Speaker 2:We talked last time about how intense those winds can blow, but I wasn't aware of the, I guess, the growth history. It's just like watching your child and here's the benchmark on the wall where you're growing up 39 miles per hour, 74 miles per hour. Are these demarcation lines? This was not a hurricane, but it was a tropical storm that wreaked tremendous havoc because it would come in and go out and went back and forth and we talked about this last time and that is Allison in 2001. And the amount of rainfall that it dumped in places like Houston. 40 inches of rainfall in Texas was where it peaked. That is a tremendous amount of water over an area. 30,000 people became homeless, 70,000 houses destroyed, so it caused a tremendous amount of relocation of people and just misery. And, of course, you know when is hurricane season During the Labor Day, during September and August, when it's hot and you think about all those people being without homes, being without electricity, being without means of communication, so flooding.
Speaker 2:We've got the in the downtown area of Houston. We've got the well, not the downtown, but we've got the in the downtown area of houston. We've got the well, not the downtown, but we've got the business district. And then, a little bit further south from there, we've got the hospital district. 23 people died in texas, almost 10 billion dollars of damage here in texas, 13 billion, $13 billion in money today, 2020. So talk about inflation.
Speaker 1:It's still the most right, the costliest tropical storm ever in American history.
Speaker 2:Yeah, so it's not a hurricane, but it wreaked a bunch of damage?
Speaker 1:It sure did, and so I will riff on that, I suppose, because I guess we can say houston didn't learn its lesson, uh, from allison in 1983, or perhaps forgot when allison? Uh, when allison came, there was much discussion about renovating the uh, the reservoirs, like attics and things that reservoirs in hou, houston that are supposed to catch the flood water and doing some flood improvement projects on Buffalo Bayou to keep this from happening again, and there was much, much talk. Well, like a lot of things that get political and everything else, there was a lot of talking and not a whole lot of doing. That happened in Houston and then, as the years went, nothing ever happened again. Texas had other hurricanes that came through that didn't seem to cause that much trouble in Houston, so I think they forgot about it. But then, of course, came one almost everybody in our audience remembers because it was so recent, but that's Harvey. In 2017. That happened and it's a bigger storm.
Speaker 1:Harvey was a huge storm when it came ashore, but it did kind of like you were talking about Allison did. It would go out and come back, go out and come back. You mentioned hurricanes and low-pressure systems and things. Hurricanes are like a massive, massive concentrated storage of energy is what they are, are as they do, and that energy feeds off of warm, warm seawater is what they feel and that's, and the Gulf has an abundance of warm seawater and that's what Harvey did. Harvey first came ashore near Rockport with devastating winds. It was a, it was a category four hurricane and a big storm surge. And then, but what it did? It kind of went inland, kind of about Victoria and then the cause of a high pressure system that was influencing it. It went back out into the Gulf and then set there and just swirled for a long time and didn't move and then came back up and, essentially as a system, came inland and then, as it downgraded from a hurricane, stalled right over the metropolitan area of houston and dumped copious amounts of rain all over the area.
Speaker 1:And we all remember the pictures, the devastation. Almost every, every sector of Houston was flooded. Almost hardly anybody in a metropolitan area of almost five million people, hardly anybody was not affected by Harvey. It was a devastation. For weeks People still were homeless, couldn't go home, homes were flooded. You had all kinds of this dislocation of people and animals and everything else. Totally devastating, just like Allison was, and once again. There was a big call we're going to have to do flood abatement projects and everything. Gene, you're sitting there in Houston. I'm not so sure we've actually still learned the lesson from that. As we just saw from the hurricane that came through, yeah, barrel some of the barrel with some of the same problems it?
Speaker 2:uh, well, you know we're. We talk about hurricanes and those heading houston. Um, you know what about ike, the thing about you you were mentioning? So ike was 10 years or before that, or nine years before that. So harvey comes through talking about the devastation. Look, when it was around victoria, that thing was only traveling five miles an hour. It was moving five, that's walking speed and it's just walking speed for some of y'all.
Speaker 1:You know I'll walk by mom.
Speaker 2:Well, that's true, but you know it's just sitting there, growing because it's not moving very fast and it's continuing to bring. You know, you talk about the dry side and then the wet side of a hurricane that, as it's spinning and they spend counterclockwise, it's just bringing in water and dumping it. And if it's, if it's if it's moving, if they were moving like 30 miles an hour like a regular storm, okay, it'll pass in an hour or so, but this one just stayed there and that was what increased the, the damage of that. We'll go back to ike. I was mentioning I, so I'll talk a little bit about Ike.
Speaker 2:So 2008. And another gigantic storms around the same time At least. Well, almost 200 deaths Now, not just in Texas but all over. But it came in, killed about 113 people, many were missing for a while, and it everywhere, from around Kennedy, carn City, in that area, you know, corpus Christi, all the way up through the Mississippi region, maybe even over to. I think it crossed over to, well, it didn't, but it came in around southern Florida. It didn't hit.
Speaker 1:Florida.
Speaker 2:But then it and then it went, you know, up north towards the Great Lakes area. But you know, talk about another devastating hurricane. I don't remember how much rain it dumped, but 140 mile-per-hour winds, 145 mile-per-hour winds, category 4 hurricane. It just wreaked a lot of heaven. I'll tell you one thing about it that I hadn't thought about. So that was what? 2008?
Speaker 2:So the next year, mary and I went on a cruise and we went out to Turk and Caicos. And we went out to Turk and Caicos and out at Turk and Caicos you know that's where, what was it? John Glenn landed one of the first orbitals and they picked it up out there and they've got a replica out there. But we were going on this little tour of the island and the guy was a taxi driver and he was telling us there was a lot of devastation, a lot of construction going on. And he said well, you know, ike came over the island and hit it, and I hadn't thought about how much damage those hurricanes do to other parts of the world. I mean other parts of the Caribbean.
Speaker 1:Ike is my first experience ever with any sort of a hurricane. We had just moved to Nacogdoches in 2006. With any sort of a hurricane we had just moved to Nacogdoches in 2006, and Ike, when it came aboard, hit Boulevard and it kind of came in towards Houston but really it was North Houston and came over to somewhere near the Conroe area and then essentially turned and went right straight up the path of Highway 59, and it was still a Category 1 when it came over Nacogdoches and it you know I can't listen to that it literally scared us as we sat there in the dark because power went out and we could hear the trees snapping around us and the massive amounts of wind and everything. And I remember telling Leslie, my wife, I said can you imagine what it would be like living through a category four or category five hurricane with this type of thing? It was just unbelievable.
Speaker 1:So you know, ike was a bad one. Let's, you know, take a time out. You can edit this out. I think we just keep going. We're gonna run out. We might can do this for another show, because we got a lot we could do. So, don't? I think we could probably get another.
Speaker 1:Just, keep yeah probably okay, uh, so yeah, so ike was a, ike was a horrible one. Well, I'm going to go back uh and talk about some historic hurricanes, because one thing about particularly I mean in the 20th century, 20th and 21st century you're generally not going to have hurricanes that you can say wipe out a town and cause it to cease to exist. But in the 17th, 18th, 19th centuries, storms literally could inundate and destroy a town and cause it to cease to exist. And that's the case with the town hit by two hurricanes in the late 19th century, one in 1875 and one in 1886. And these were hurricanes that came to store, that essentially ended the life of the Texas port city of Indianola. If you go down to Indianola now in Calhoun County at certain times when the tide is out, you can see foundations of buildings that are now out in the gulf of what used to be Indianola, foundations of buildings that are now out in the goal of what used to be Indianola.
Speaker 1:Indianola was one of the primary ports of entry in Texas. It was located on the west shore of Matagorda Bay, established in 1844, and it became the primary point where immigrants came in to the then-Republican and then the state of Texas, particularly a lot of German immigrants that were moving in. The German built around New Braunfels. This is where they came Right. Right, they landed in Indianola. It was a great port, had over 10,000 people living there at one time. It had had a few hurricanes before, but in September 15th 1875, a storm struck Indianola on the night. It began on the night of the 15th with its eye passing over San Jose Island, and then it raged. It was another one of those that kind of stalled for a while and just raged over Copano Bay and then into Indianola for all day of the 16th before it moved inland. The surge was estimated to be 15 feet. The storm surge at indianola 270 people were killed. Three-quarters parts of the town were washed away.
Speaker 1:Indianola, though, survived. The survivors came back. They did rebuild it. They rebuilt it a little further inland than it was before, but they rebuilt it completely back up and it continued to be a thriving port until August 20, 1886, when another huge hurricane struck Indianola. Wind, surge and rain made the town, as one official that surveyed it afterwards called it a universal wreck. As he looked at it, not a single dwelling in the city survived. They were all either blown down or washed away. It left indianola in ruins and the people, the survivors, decided that's enough, we're not coming back. They picked up stakes, those are left and they mostly moved to victoria and some to san antonio. The same storm swept away this uh, the city, quintana, at the mouth of the Brazos, which was the sister city of Velasco. Both of those went away and the remnants moved inland and you see it now around the Lake Jackson Freeport area. But those cities don't exist. So a hurricane altered, actually altered, the physical nature of Texas's infrastructure in those years and did away with Indianola.
Speaker 2:One of the other things about the Indianola there was a feud trial or there was a trial going on over a feud. Yeah, the Sutton-Taylor feud.
Speaker 2:The Sutton-Taylor feud, you know, and Chuck Parsons and Jimmy Smallwood both wrote on that feud and we talk about the history and I don't know if they mentioned that in those books, um, but talk about just the, the effect on history and that indianola. So, uh, I, I grew up in new bronfels and we've talked about, uh, you know, christmas in new bronf, braunfels, last year or so ago. Tune into our episodes and listen to the back episodes. And in Texas, german-american history, indianola was starting off. The big port town by Prince Carl of Psalms, braunfels, and the Adelsverein brought in immigrants into Indianola. That changed as a result of those hurricanes.
Speaker 1:That's where the US Army landed camels and brought the camels in for the camel experience at Indianola, the West Texas camels right. Some people claim they still see they're not out there. People Quit saying that you see it.
Speaker 2:The ghost of Campbell's past.
Speaker 1:Yeah.
Speaker 2:Yeah, that's a. So that is another great storm let's talk about. I want to come up and talk about Hurricane Carla. Now this is a 20th century one. This is 1961. So Cold War era Texas right comes across 1961 around Corpus Christi, port O'Connor, that area category four hurricane and it goes up kind of straight up north towards Oklahoma before it heads out towards the Great Lakes and then over Canada. Almost 2,000 homes destroyed here in Texas and Texas was very rural at the time but it affected farmers. There were almost 6,000 farm buildings destroyed. It didn't just affect the coast because it kind of directly went inland and just started hitting north up through Dallas and in that area.
Speaker 2:An estimated 1 million head of cattle killed during hurricane carla 1 million head right and then, in addition to 43 people, died, million, 300 million dollars in damage, and that was 61 dollars yeah, back when they're big.
Speaker 1:well, well, I did. You know it destroyed so much infrastructure. It was the first I like to call it kind of in Texas, the first hurricane that hit modern Texas and destroyed modern infrastructure, because the devastation amongst those petrochemical plants and those are from the Freeport area and on up towards the Port Arthur area was devastating, and what was so monumental about the damage at the time was a record. There is no way Texas could pay to rebuild after Carla. The state of Texas's resources were completely stretched. Governor Price Daniel was like he was at a complete loss about what to do, as he was on a lot of issues, but that's a whole other episode. If we want to talk about Price Daniel, we'll get Chuck Wade on here to do as he was on a lot of issues, but that's a whole nother episode. If we want to talk about price daniel, uh, we'll get chuck wade on here to do that, right, uh to talk about that but and what it also it?
Speaker 1:it carla was one, along with audrey, that had hit louisiana a few years earlier and then later on, uh celia, which would hit uh corporates, corpus Christi, and do terrible damage down there and then on into some of the other 1970s hurricanes. There was this how the federal response, and there was no coordinated federal response. Congress had to pass a series of bills appropriating money that you were going to send to a place if you're going to help it rebuild. As you know, anything coming out of of congress it's cumbersome, it takes time, uh, and it's a long process. And carla was people were, you know like, say, homeless, devastated. This had to be done quickly and there was no coordinated federal response to do that.
Speaker 1:Lyndon john, vice president of the United States at the time, a creature of Congress. He did a fantastic job of going and talking to leaders of Congress and getting those bills through to get rebuilding from Carla May. But it set a germ in him and he starts it when he's president talking about it. He doesn't get it accomplished but Carla is, if you want to talk about that little germ of a genesis, a genesis germ of a seed of starting. Carla is kind of considered that germ that starts and if we go through other things in the 70s, finally in 1979, under the Jimmy Carter administration, we finally see talk about how long it takes federal government to respond. The creation of the Federal Emergency Management Administration, fema that coordinates federal responses to these natural disasters. Historic in that sense because it was so huge to do that, to do this.
Speaker 2:I think you also mentioned last discussion about this. This really launched the national career of Dan Rather.
Speaker 1:That's true. Yeah, before he became Afghanistan Dan and dressed in the garb of the Mujahideen and I'm not making fun of Dan, I'm a fan of Dan Rather. He gained a reputation. He was a reporter for a television station in houston and he stood out through all the winds were blowing and he was getting he was the early day, jim cantori, uh and getting blown around and that. That. That caught the attention of uh cbs news and he was hired to for the broadcast network cbs used and, of course, goes on to distinguish career there and still alive, right, dan reathers in his 90s and still still working. He still. He has a podcast that you should listen to that he does and writes columns still still a working journalist in over 90 years old.
Speaker 1:We have these modern storms and I think we have to talk about you mentioned it before but I think it plays into. I'm gonna put them together because it happened like back to back almost Beulah, celia at the same time, because these were both again modern, devastating storms that were unbelievable. Beulah was in September 22nd of 1967. Like Carla, it was a large storm. Carla, at the time it came in, was the largest hurricane on record in terms of expanse of the mast Beulah was the third largest hurricane. It's since been passed by a number. At that time it hit Brownsville. Beulah hit Brownsville area but hurricane force winds stretched all the way to Corpus Christi. It destroyed the citrus crop that year. Oranges were expensive that year. Destroyed the citrus crop that year. Oranges were expensive that year until the citrus crop was destroyed. And then it goes on inland and causes terrible, terrible flooding in Houston. And it's the same problem as with Carla. There is no real mechanism for the federal government to respond. And again it has to go through all of these machinations.
Speaker 1:And then, just two years later, in August 1970, celia hits Corpus Christi on the 3rd of August. It was another one that had come across the Caribbean. It had hit Florida before it came in and hit Texas and came through it's hurricane warnings. That Corpus sounded early in the morning that day, waking people up out of bed. It actually makes landfall between Corpus and Port Aransas. Around 3 o'clock in the afternoon I was about North Mathis, if you know where that one is.
Speaker 1:Wind gusts of over 150 miles an hour before it blew the anemometer off at Aransas Pass. An hour before it blew the anemometer off at Aransas Pass they estimated those gusts could have reached as high as 160 to 180 miles an hour. It hits Corpus at 530. The seawall holds but Corpus has great wind damage, great flooding damage. It moves on inland and floods even places as far away as Del rio and del rio winds were still dusting at 90 miles an hour. Uh, from celia, storm surge of real near uh to 10 feet uh is what it was. And again awful damage from celia. And again a federal governmental response was slow in coming and tex, texas's government could not afford it. He had to go through all the congressional stuff and a lot of people suffered because they couldn't get rebuilding from those. Another one of these that actually spurred, helped spur FEMA in its development.
Speaker 2:You're talking about Celia, that storm tracked all the way out towards El Paso, and talk about a weird path and you mentioned Beulah in connection with that. So Beulah and this was 67, beulah was weird in that you know many of the hurricanes we've been talking about. We say, you know they come into the Gulf Coast that affect Texas and they go up north out to the, uh, the great lakes or up through new england or someplace like that, or sometimes into florida. Beulah came in around brownsville and then, uh, went through mexico, went south west through mexico, before coming out again in the Gulf.
Speaker 1:I don't know.
Speaker 2:Oaxaca, not Oaxaca, but maybe around the capital area of Mexico.
Speaker 1:So that's a weird yeah, and dumped rain. Durango, I think it was Durango, mexico has a record amount of rain, all kinds of flames flooding from Beulah after it already hit, so these storms are long lasting. That's one of these things that we don't think about. I mean, we just had Beryl come through. Beryl went all the way up and was causing as a tropical system or a sub-tropical system, causing massive amounts of rainfall in Canada after having been around in Texas. I mean this is how powerful these storms are.
Speaker 2:Scott, I hate to say this, but we didn't get nearly as far as we thought we were going to get.
Speaker 1:No, we didn't.
Speaker 2:And we only were scratching the surface we may have to do something again, right? I think we're going to do something again and you know, one of the things we need to do get somebody from Galveston talk about the Galveston hurricane because they have a whole culture built up down there on that historical infrastructure.
Speaker 1:And you know we may have hit on a vein here, gene, we may have become meteorological historians here, right, right, we're talking about hurricanes. Texas is again, because of its size, has more tornadoes than any state in the United States, and tornadoes have shaped the history of Texas a whole great lot. We haven't even talked about tornadoes and then devastating rain events and droughts and various other things.
Speaker 2:We've got it all here.
Speaker 1:We can talk about weather all summer and then into the fall, probably right, and that way we can do this and we don't have to work at finding people to come in and talk to and we can just pontificate ourselves, right. I like not having to work. I base my whole body of work on not having to work.
Speaker 2:That's our careers, that's right.
Speaker 1:A career of not working Well, so we will. We'll get into this later, but that's just some of the hurricanes that we've been talking about.
Speaker 2:as we said, just scratch the surface and that's it well, once again, thanks for listening, everybody and Scott, we'll talk to you soon.
Speaker 1:Yes, sir, bye, bye everybody bye, bye everybody, bye bye.
